Highlights

Symptoms/Transmission/Diagnosis

• This illness is known for its rapid onset, and pigs usually show signs within the first 12-48 hours of being infected
• Symptoms can include fever, eye/nasal discharge, weakness, coughing
• Pigs of all ages can be affected
• Transmission occurs via contact with affected pigs or nasal secretions from affected animals (i.e. in contaminated pens etc.); virus may be airborne over short distances
• Various methods of diagnosis (PCR, fluorescent antibody technique, immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassays)
• SIV has evolved from a seasonal disease to a year-round, endemic respiratory disease

Mortality/Recovery

• The disease is characterized by nearly 100% morbidity but low mortality
• Recovery typically occurs within 5-7 days
• Antibodies developed can reduce severity over time in persistent herd infections

Prevention/Vaccination/Treatment

• There are no direct treatments outside of preventing secondary infections with antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories to manage symptoms
• Vaccination programs for controlling SIV are commonplace
• Ensure biosecurity protocols are in place and followed at all times
• SIV typically does not survive more than 2 weeks outside of a host and can be destroyed using disinfectants
• Depopulation, cleaning and disinfection of affected facilities may be recommended

Risk to Human Health/Food Safety?

• Although somewhat rare, transmission of influenza virus can occur both from humans to pigs and from pigs to humans
  • Can recombine and transmit to other species when housed together (i.e., when pigs are housed with poultry)
  • Authorities have been monitoring transfer of HPAI from birds to dairy and the risk of tranferring to other species via unpasteurized milk products
• Pork products from SIV affected herds are safe to eat

Federally Reportable?

No